Graphene is an atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It's a component of graphite (among other things, used in pencil tips), but graphene itself is a remarkable substance - with many surprising properties that have repeatedly earned it the "wonder material" title.
Graphene has many extraordinary properties. It is about 100-300 times stronger than steel and has a tensile stiffness of about 1020 GPa. It is the best thermal conductor at room temperature (thermal conductivity ~5300 W·m−1·K−1) and the best known electrical conductor (studies show electron mobility in excess of 15,000 cm2·V−1·s −1) and it is optically transparent (with light absorption at πα ≈ 2.3% white light or 97.7% transmittance).
Because it is less than one atom thick (0.33 nm) or about a million times thinner than a sheet of paper, it is a very light material weighing about 0.77 mg/m2 and has an extremely high surface area (theoretical specific surface area is 2630 m2/G).
Properties of Graphene
Graphene is the thinnest material known to man, just one atom thick, and incredibly strong—about 200 times stronger than steel. On top of that, graphene is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and has interesting light-absorbing capabilities. It truly is a world-changing material with limitless potential for integration in almost any industry.
7 Features of Graphene
Strongest material
Strongest material ever, 200 times stronger than steel (tensile strength ~130 GPa, stiffness ~1.1 TPa).
Best conductor of electricity
Best known electrical conductor (10 ohm/cm resistivity), electron mobility ~ 40,000 cmV-1s-1
Best conductor of heat
Best thermal conductor at room temperature (5,300 Wm-1K-1 thermal conductivity)
Highly optical transparency
High optical clarity (97.7 % transmittance, 2.3% white light absorption per layer)
Thin materials
It is an atomically thin material (0.33 nm), a million times thinner than a sheet of paper.
Light material
It is a very light material, about 0.77 mg/m2 or about 0.001% of the weight of 1 m2 of paper.
Graphene
A two-dimensional form of carbon allotropes, consisting of planar flakes, which are one-atom-thick carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb (hexagonal) lattice.
Graphite
3D crystalline carbon composed of graphene layers superimposed on each other.
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